Is this stuff freakin miraculous or what?! Overnight in phosphoric acid - Home Depot calls it Concrete and Paint Prep or something like that. It didn't get all the rust around the edge but only because I didn't have enough to submerge the hubcap. Stuff I used had been used many times before. I tossed it and went for a new gallon today. Putting another cap in it tonight and it'll likely come out even better. Certainly they're not like new but compared to the rusted-to-hell "Before" pictures I am very very happy. I'll just put Gibbs oil on the inside and call it good. No need for paint in there.